Data Search by General Subjects
MACT Update Webinar - Hot Topic Hour - May 7, 2015
There are unique site specific factors which are more important in MACT than in MATS. The reason is that in cement, brick and other industrial processes the material being processed may create more air toxics than the fuel. The special focus for this Hot Topic Hour was on dry sorbent injection. The use of hydrated lime was also discussed.
Revision Date: 5/7/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 327310 - Cement Manufacturing 水泥生产, Lhoist North America, Mississippi Lime, Lime, MACT
MACT Compliance Options, by Pat Mongoven, Mississippi Lime, HTH 5-7-15
DSI with hydrated lime can allow SO2 & HCl reduction for both industrial boilers and cement manufacturers. Depending on the application and the facilities goals, a High Reactivity Hydrate may allow better removal or lower costs. In cement scrubber towers, DSI gave comparable removal rates to feeding a liquid slurry of hydrated lime directly to the scrubber tower.
Revision Date: 5/7/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 327310 - Cement Manufacturing 水泥生产, Mississippi Lime, Lime, MACT
Flue Gas Treatment Specialist, by Marty Dillion, Lhoist - HTH 5-7-15
Sorbacal SPS is a lime hydrate which combines porosity and chemical treatment to provide much higher SO2 and HCl capture than alternatives. A number of trial and actual installations support the claim.
Revision Date: 5/7/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 327310 - Cement Manufacturing 水泥生产, Lhoist North America, Lime, MACT
The discussion was concentrated on solution of the hydrocarbons and organic HAPs problems associated with cement kilns. This led to a broader discussion of the catalytic filter as a way to solve the organics plus all the other air pollutants
Revision Date: 8/14/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Albemarle, NatronX Technologies, Combustion Components Associates, MACT, Mercury
Trona information.
Revision Date: 8/14/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, NatronX Technologies, Trona, MACT, Mercury
Boiler MACT Compliance Overview by Bill Liegois, Stanley Consultants - Hot Topic Hour March 21, 2013
An overview of the engineering approach and critical considerations needed to evaluate, select and implement a solution for the Industrial Boiler MACT.
Revision Date: 3/21/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Stanley Consultants, Scrubber, Fabric Filter, MACT, Mercury, HCl, Cost, Combustion, Industrial Boiler
An estimate of the initial capital cost of complying with the Industrial Boiler MACT for coal, biomass, liquid and process gas boilers and process heaters that will be subject to emission limits under the rule.
Revision Date: 3/21/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, URS Corp., Scrubber, Fabric Filter, MACT, Cost, Mercury, HCl, Industrial Boiler, Combustion
Industrial Boiler MACT Impact and Control Options Part 1 - Webinar - Hot Topic Hour March 21, 2013
Will Industrial Boiler Owners spend $5 Billion or $12 Billion to meet the New Industrial Boiler MACT?
Revision Date: 3/21/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, URS Corp., Stanley Consultants, Scrubber, Fabric Filter, MACT, Mercury, HCl, Cost, Combustion, Industrial Boiler
Cost of Retrofit Air Pollution Control vs. New Coal-fired Boilers - Hot Topic Hour July 28, 2011.
Discussion on environment regulations which will have an impact on coal-fired power plants over the next three to five years. The option of replacing many of the nation’s older, inefficient coal-fired units with new ultra-supercritical units, in terms of the capital costs and corresponding environmental benefits. Password: hth198
Revision Date: 7/28/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, McIlvaine, Air Pollution Control, Air Quality, Regulation, Investment, MACT
Three options were analyzed: Retrofitting old coal-fired power plants, retirement or replacement.
Revision Date: 7/28/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, McIlvaine, Air Pollution Control, Air Quality, Regulation, Investment, MACT
Based on a Federal Court decision the US EPA has agreed to propose the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units. This NESHAP is to be proposed by March 16, 2011 and promulgated by November 16th, 2011. This NESHAP, and the associated requirements for MACT (Maximum Achievable Control Technology), are expected to be very similar in form to the Industrial Boiler MACT. The MACT floor, based on EPA regulations, cannot be less stringent than the average emission limitation achieved by the best performing 12% of existing sources for subcategories with 30 or more sources, or the best-performing 5 sources for subcategories with fewer than 30 sources. Accordingly at least 90% of the Utility industry will be affected by the emission standards promulgated under this MACT. The MACT requirements will require upgrades and modifications to existing emissions control equipment and the installation of new control systems to limit emissions of mercury, the other criteria metals, acid gases such as HCl, and organics. This presentation will address the potential impacts on existing Utility Assets and discuss the implications and limitations of existing control technology to control the air pollutants addressed by this NESHAP.
Revision Date: 5/11/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Sargent & Lundy, Air Quality, MACT, USA
Enhanced Mercury Oxidization (EMO) by Steve Baloga, Shaw - Hot Topic Hour March 10, 2011
Steve Baloga P.E., a Senior Environmental Consultant at Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, described a process for economically reducing mercury emissions from boilers combusting bituminous or sub-bituminous coal. EMO™, a liquid brominated oxidant, is injected into the gas stream at the exit of the boiler or economizer to convert elemental mercury into the oxidized version that is more readily captured by existing control equipment. With very low injection rates, this can be an effective low cost solution to achieve the new lower limits required by the MACT. He presented data on several boiler trials that demonstrate the viability of this low cost approach.
Revision Date: 3/10/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Shaw, Consulting, MACT
Boiler MACT Rule by Brian Higgins, Nalco Mobotec - Hot Topic Hour March 10, 2011
Brian Higgins PhD., Vice-president of Technology for Nalco Mobotec, gave a good summary of the new MACT rule and potential compliance solutions for the five regulated pollutants - PM, CO, HCl, Hg, and dioxin/furan. Brian described the potential for boiler operators to control just HCl to become a “Synthetic Area Source” and effectively then need to only comply with the far less onerous Area Source regulations. He also discussed fuel categories, the RCRA definitions of solid wastes and CISWI MACT overlap.
Revision Date: 3/10/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Nalco Mobotec, Sorbent Injection, MACT
Ajay Kasarabada, an Air Permitting Manager in Black & Veatch Energy Division's Environmental Management Services Section, and Diane Fischer, Manager of Business Development for Air Quality Control Projects for Black & Veatch’s Power Generation Services, described a method for avoiding the need to comply with the Boiler MACT – “the non-solid fuel pathway”. They presented a methodology by which boiler operators can evaluate the technical and economic issues related to converting boilers to operate on “Gas 1” or “Other Gas 1” as defined by the EPA or decommissioning solid fueled boilers and installing new gas-fired boilers or gas turbines. Gas 1 units, Other Gas 1 units and combustion turbines do not have to meet Boiler MACT emission limits. Diane’s portion of the presentation focused on the benefits of considering co-generation and provided a detailed methodology for evaluating this alternative. They indicated that Black and Veatch is involved in studying these alternatives for a number of boiler operators but they have not yet reached any firm conclusions. However, now that the Boiler MACT has been issued, they are moving forward rapidly.
Revision Date: 3/10/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Black & Veatch, Consulting, MACT
Russell Price P.E., Marketing Manager for Stanley Consultants Inc., presented a structured five-step approach for boiler operator to define their available options and create a MACT compliance plan. In summary, the plan would define goals, gather data, evaluate compliance alternatives of each of the five regulated pollutants then develop composite solutions and evaluate them based on life cycle cost.
Revision Date: 3/10/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Stanley Consultants, Consulting, MACT
Mack McGuffey practices environmental law as an associate in Troutman Sanders' Atlanta office and specializes in regulatory compliance under the Clean Air Act. Last November at the last webinar on the IBMACT before the rule was published, he gave a very good presentation on the status of the ruling and potential future litigation. Now that the rule is out, Mack was able to provide an overview of the MACT program, explain how EPA's final Industrial Boiler MACT standards differ from the ones it originally proposed, and describe some of the legal issues associated with EPA's final rule. A key point made was that although EPA indicated that because of concerns over the legality of the significant changes between proposed rule and final rule, EPA is taking comment on the final rule, any delay in or stay of the deadline for compliance is very unlikely. He also emphasized that affected boiler operators must do whatever is necessary to comply with the new emission limits. Just installing additional control equipment will not be sufficient.
Revision Date: 3/10/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Troutman Sanders, Consulting, MACT
John Darrow, Associate at W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., discussed expanded polytetra-fluoroethylene (ePTFE) based products that could provide solutions to new compliance challenges for PM, dioxin/furan (D/F) and mercury. There was a summary of the potential for ePTFE membrane filter bags for PM control, REMDIA catalytic filtration systems for D/F control and a new carbon polymer composite material for mercury control. The composite material was of great interest to the participants who asked about pressure drop (low), efficiency (70-90 percent in addition to the scrubber removal) and elemental mercury removal (high). Testing is taking place at the Southern Yates station with EPRI also involved. This technology could be used as a second step if the initial attempt to remove mercury in the scrubber falls short. Since this device follows the scrubber it is better suited for a plant with a scrubber. Activated carbon would be injected ahead of the scrubber and would have the effect of reducing the amount removed in the scrubber. Therefore large amounts of carbon would be required to gain small efficiency increases.
Revision Date: 2/17/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, W. L. Gore, Fabric Filter, MACT
Utility MACT – Impact and Compliance Strategy Webinar - Hot Topic Hour February 17, 2011
The Utility MACT is moving forward and the proposal is being reviewed by OMB. It will require substantial investments over the next few years. This coincides with investments by industrial boiler owners and cement plants, so the available resources may be strained. Presentations on Thursday covered the regulations, the analysis required and the control technology.
Revision Date: 2/17/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, W. L. Gore, CEFCO Global Clean Energy, Black & Veatch, AECOM, Fabric Filter, Consulting, FGD, MACT
Boiler MACT? - Prelude to Utility MACT by Robert Fraser, AECOM - Hot Topic Hour February 17, 2011
Robert (Bob) Fraser, QEP, Senior Technical Director for Power Generation Services at AECOM Environment, reported that the Utility MACT rule is likely to follow the form of the Industrial MACT rule which is now most likely to be issued on February 21st. EPA is using the same general procedures to develop both sets of standards. One of the concerns is the organics limits for both the Industrial and Utility MACT may be inversely rather than directly proportional to the CO. During startup and shut down there are high levels of CO and this could be a problem. It may be better to address dioxins and furans under work practice standards rather than limits.
Revision Date: 2/17/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, AECOM, Consulting, MACT
Robert Tang, President and CEO, CEFCO Global Clean Energy, LLC, described the CEFCO Technology which uses supersonic shockwave “free-jet collision scrubbing” together with a chemical conversion process as a solution for MACT. Testing is underway to demonstrate the suitability for utility applications.
Revision Date: 2/17/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, CEFCO Global Clean Energy, FGD, MACT
Ajay Kasarabada, an Air Permitting Manager in Black & Veatch Energy Division's Environmental Management Services Section, and Diane Fischer, Manager of Business Development for Air Quality Control Projects for Black & Veatch’s Power Generation Services, focused on the key issues to be considered in developing a Utility MACT compliance strategy and the technologies that can be utilized to achieve compliance with the expected limits. There was concern about the ability to meet the particulate standards. There was also the advice to take into account the ramifications relative to other rules such as applicable renewable portfolio standards, the transport rule, regional haze, non-attainment and greenhouse gas regulations.
Revision Date: 2/17/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Black & Veatch, Consulting, MACT
Industrial MACT Webinar - Hot Topic Hour November 19, 2010 - Part 2
Carbon, Spray Dryers, Biomass Boilers, CO Challenges and PM CEMS were discussed. Password: hth107
Revision Date: 11/19/2010
Tags: SICK MAIHAK, Golder Associates, Amerex, Albemarle, AECOM, ADA Environmental, MACT, Industrial Boiler
Jon Miller, Technical Support Engineer at Albemarle Corporation, explained that M-PACT is an equipment package to inject activated carbon at much lower cost than a custom design. The first M-PACT unit was sold in 2007 and is providing reliable 90 percent mercury reduction. There are a number of components in the larger systems which are critical. One is the choice of blower for the pneumatic conveying. A regenerative blower is less expensive but has a lower pressure output and is less tolerant of dirty environments. A Roots type PD blower is more expensive but capable of higher pressures and will tolerate some dust.
Revision Date: 11/19/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Albemarle, Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon Injection System, Blower, MACT, Industrial Boiler
Industrial Boiler MACT: CEM Requirements by Dan Kietzer, Sick - Hot Topic Hour November 19, 2010
Dan Kietzer, Environmental Market Manager at Sick Maihak, Inc., covered CEMS for particulate and CO and CEMS requirements. The company has sold more than 50 PM CEMS using the scattered light principle to power plants in the U.S. Some were to meet consent decrees which mandated installation of PM CEMS. The scattered light approach can provide accurate mass measurement in either dry or wet stacks. In wet stacks the sample gas is withdrawn and heated prior to measurement. An insitu CEMs for CO can also measure CO2 and H2O.
Revision Date: 11/19/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, SICK Process Automation, Mass Monitor, Carbon Dioxide, CEM, MACT, Industrial Boiler
J. Patrick Stevens, Associate and Senior Consultant at Golder Associates Inc., told participants about a survey of 16 biomass-fired boilers in the wood products industry to determine whether or not they would meet the proposed existing source Boiler MACT limits for biomass-fired boilers. CO was one pollutant that would create a challenge. Four boilers would require no improvement. Twelve boilers will require from 13 to 79 percent reduction in CO. Nine of these would require end of pipe controls while three could improve fuel handling and combustion.
Revision Date: 11/19/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Golder Associates, Carbon Monoxide, MACT, Wood-Fired Boilers, Industrial Boiler
David W. South, Manager of Business Development at Amerex, drew from a considerable bank of experience the company has gained with some 50 MACT related boiler installations in the last five years. One unit on a PC boiler with carbon injection and a fabric filter is using 2.2 lbs/MMacf of B-PAC. Inlet mercury is 20 lbs/TBtu versus 2.5 lbs/TBtu on the outlet. Another with only 2.0 lbs/MMacf is reducing mercury from 25 lbs/TBtu to less than 2 lbs/TBtu.
Revision Date: 11/19/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Amerex, Spray Dryer, Fabric Filter, Dry Sorbent Injection, MACT, Industrial Boiler
Robert (Bob) Fraser, Senior Technical Director at AECOM Environment, discussed AECOM’s experience to date with the boiler MACT. He indicated that no one plant is now demonstrating the ability to meet all the pollutant requirements. There is very little data on CO and dioxins. It may be necessary to install back end CO and dioxin controls. These could be quite expensive. Minimizing the time at which the gas is in the 800-460 degrees F range by quenching should be effective in avoiding dioxin formation, but this is not an option where downstream fabric filters are being operated. One big question is whether a source which switches fuels to meet the MACT would then be a “new MACT source.” If a new permit is required because of fuel switching, then it is very possible that the source would be considered “new.”
Revision Date: 11/19/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, AECOM, MACT, Carbon Dioxide, Dioxin, Industrial Boiler
Richard (Rich) Miller, Vice-President of Business Development for Utility Systems at ADA Environmental Solutions (ADA-ES), showed timelines which dictate that boiler operators start mercury testing soon. There are lots of unknowns due to the wide variety of fuels and boiler configurations. With the potential of large carbon needs by the utility and cement industries, supply could be an issue. Mercury reduction guarantees are going to be tough to provide since the need is a mass emission level and not a percent removal. Furthermore the 0.2 lbs/TBtu limit for biomass boilers will be difficult to measure as well as guarantee.
Revision Date: 11/19/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, ADA-ES, Activated Carbon, MACT, Industrial Boiler
Dave Novogoratz, Business Development Manager for the Particulate Control Group at Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc., indicated that the requirement for PM CEMS for boilers over 250 MMBtu/hr and for CO CEMS add some new challenges. The CO limit requirements may require thermal oxidizers or CO catalyst for grate-fired units. Wet ESPs may have a place downstream of wet particulate scrubbers to meet the new PM requirements. ACI, SDA, scrubbers, fabric filters, and oxidation catalyst might be options for dioxin and furan control. Compliance will require a system solution that also takes into account other upcoming regulatory requirements.
Revision Date: 11/18/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Babcock & Wilcox, Catalyst, Continuous Emissions Monitor, Spray Dryer Absorber, MACT, Industrial Boiler
Industrial MACT Webinar - Hot Topic Hour November 18, 2010 - Part 1
Sodium Bicarbonate, Lime, CDS and Regulations were among the Topics covered on the First Day of the Industrial MACT Webinar. In 60 days or so we will know the specific changes for the final Industrial MACT. Correction-- we will know what is final until it is changed again. Unfortunately it will be three more years to find out if litigants are successful in causing changes. However, it will take three years to install the equipment and run it long enough to make sure of compliance. So it would seem there are two choices. Litigate and gamble you won’t have to shut down your plant or go ahead with the assumption that the rule will stand. Password: hth107
Revision Date: 11/18/2010
Tags: Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Trinity Consultants, Lhoist / Chemical Lime, Troutman Sanders, Solvay Chemicals, Graymont, MACT, Industrial Boiler
Yougen Kong, P.E., Ph.D., Technical Development Manager at Solvay Chemicals, Inc., explained that trona can achieve up to 98 percent HCl removal while sodium bicarbonate can achieve over 99 percent while also achieving better than 90 percent SO2 removal. There is a modest price penalty for the sodium bicarbonate. On the other hand, injection avoids major capital cost and is effective over a range of 275°F to 1500°F. Bicarbonate is being used at many waste incinerators in Europe and coal-fired power plants in the US.
Revision Date: 11/18/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Solvay Chemicals, Sodium Bicarbonate, Trona, MACT, Industrial Boiler
Mike Schantz, Director of New Business Development at Lhoist / Chemical Lime Company, explained that all hydrated lime is not the same. Sorbacal SP performs much better than typical hydrated lime on HCl. Sources using Sorbacal injection should be able to meet the 3 ppm HCl anticipated limit providing temperature, moisture, competing acid gases (SO3 and HF) and CO2 are within the normal range.
Revision Date: 11/18/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Lhoist / Chemical Lime, Hydrated Lime, MACT, Industrial Boiler
Carroll "Mack" W. McGuffey III, Associate at Troutman Sanders LLP, told the participants that it is unlikely that the final rule will be delayed by lawsuits. The litigants can petition to stay the rule until the litigation is complete but the D.C. Circuit Court is unlikely to do so. So the clock will be ticking and compliance will be required in 2014. The lawsuits can focus on several issues. One is the lack of five or more sources achieving the limits on any one pollutant. Another is the argument that a source which achieves the limit on one pollutant but not another is not a valid example.
Revision Date: 11/18/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Troutman Sanders, MACT
Robert Tang, President & CEO of CEFCO Global Clean Energy, LLC, described a system using steam assisted nozzles for removal of metals and acid gases followed by another similar system to separate the CO2. Experience has been obtained on hazardous waste combustors. The company is looking for partners to apply this to the utility industry.
Revision Date: 9/9/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, CEFCO Global Clean Energy, MACT
Michael T. Rossler, Manager of Environmental Programs at the Edison Electric Institute, says the Utility MACT could cost the industry $200/billion/yr by 2015. He provided timelines. The rule will be proposed by March 16 and finalized by November 16, 2011. This will not replace mercury rules already issued by 20 States. The industrial boiler MACT as proposed offers a prelude. It proposes limits for mercury, dioxin, PM (as a surrogate for non-mercury metals, HCl (surrogate for acid gases) and CO (surrogate for non-dioxin organic toxics). Other rules on water, waste and carbon need to be coordinated with this rule in fairness to the industry.
Revision Date: 9/9/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Edison Electric Institute, MACT
Robert (Bob) Fraser, QEP, a Senior Technical Director for Power Generation Services within AECOM Environment, believes the proposed Boiler MACT is a prequel to the Utility MACT. Since the best utility units are better controlled than their industrial counterparts he expects a more stringent utility rule. If low CO levels are required because CO is a surrogate for organic HAPs then there may be a problem meeting NOx limits. Oxidation catalysts have not been proven for solid fuel applications with the possible exception of the Babcock regenerative catalyst for wood-fired boilers. Incinerators control dioxins using ACI, but with lower quantities of dioxinsit may be hard for the utility industry to achieve comparable percent efficiencies.
Revision Date: 9/9/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, AECOM, MACT
Carrie Yonley, P.E., Vice President at Schreiber, Yonley & Associates, alerted participants to the fact that the Cement MACT was published on September 9 in the Federal Register. It is indicative as to the likely content of utility rules. The industry is also facing the CISWI final rule slated for December. If the kiln burns solid waste then it may be subject to this rule. For existing kilns the Cement MACT particulate limit will be 0.04lb/ton of clinker. This is 0.004 gr/dscf. This compares to the previous limit on new kilns which was 10 times higher. PM CEMs will be required to determine compliance. CEMs will also be needed for Hg and THC. An HCl CEMs will be needed only if a wet scrubber is not used. But the units will have to comply with an HCl limit of 3 ppm based on a 30 day rolling average and 7 day rolling average for startup and shutdown operations
Revision Date: 9/9/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Schreiber Yonley & Associates, MACT
Kenneth J. Snell, Environmental Consultant at Sargent & Lundy LLC Environmental Services Division, believes that EPA will divide sources into categories by fuel type as well as combustor type. He anticipated regulations could include (in descending order of likelihood). Mercury Acid gases (HCl and HF) Dioxins/furans Non-mercury trace metals Non-dioxin organic HAPs
Revision Date: 9/9/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Sargent & Lundy, MACT
Utility MACT - Likely Impact Webinar - Hot Topic Hour September 9, 2010
Issues discussed relating to the impact of the Utility MACT on power plant operators; the current status of the MACT rule making; the worst case scenario of emissions limits and required controls under the MACT; the key issues to be considered when developing a strategy to achieve compliance with the MACT; control technologies and equipment that can be utilized to achieve the expected emissions limits imposed by the MACT, and various other strategies that an operator could adopt.
Revision Date: 9/9/2010
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Sargent & Lundy, CEFCO Global Clean Energy, AECOM, Schreiber Yonley & Associates, Edison Electric Institute, MACT