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KCPL summary of Nox and SO2 initiatives as of 2011
As of 2011 Montrose, Sibley and Lake Road considering dry sobent injection, but SCR at LyCygne reducing Nox by 90%. Iatan SCR reducing Nox by 75%, while scrubber reduces SO2 by 99%.
Revision Date: 1/26/2019
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Kansas City Power and Light, SCR, Direct Sorbent Injection, FGD
Alstom NID is installed in coal fired power plants as well as incinerators and steel mills
Alstom has a number of installations of a unique type of CDS scrubber desgignated NID. There are a number of installations including 5,000 MW in China and units as large as 585 MW in the U.S. A unit is slated for TVA Gallatin. Two 660 MW systems are being installed at Homer City.
Revision Date: 4/2/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Alstom, Circulating Dry Scrubber
More Dry scrubber analysis from Kiewit
See previous articlesfor details but here is more: For the CFBs, a typical approach temperature is 30°F to 40°F, while for the NID a tighter approach of 25°F to 30°F is more common. Because the temperature is still maintained above saturation, reactor materials of construction are typically carbon steel. Type 316 L stainless steel is often used for specialty components such as water injection nozzles and some lime hydrator parts.
Revision Date: 3/26/2014
Tags: Kiewit Power Engineers, Energy-Tech Magazine
Extensive CDS Experience Already Gained in U.S
Lime and hydrated lime are widely available to meet the demands of FGT applications in the U.S. power industry. Lime-based CDS technologies have become popular options to achieve very high removals of multiple pollutants produced from solid fossil fuel-fired electricity generating units. Four lime-based CDS technologies have been installed in 12 PC boilers and 12 CFB boilers. Constructions are underway at 15 PC boilers. These technologies are applied to units with sizes ranging from 58 to 690 MW. Data obtained from AES Greenidge and Sandow Stations showed that the emission limits of Hg, filterable particulate, and HCl mandated under the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards were met. CDS is capable of handling solid fuels with various sulfur contents. CDS is capable of handling wide swing load. Multiple CDS reactor vessels can be placed in parallel to process flue gases from larger units.
Revision Date: 3/26/2014
Tags: McIlvaine, Circulating Dry Scrubber
There is some common history in the Lurgi and Graff –Wulff design which is now owned by Foster Wheeler. A large unit at Dry Fork has been in operation for several years. Some large Chinese installations by Wuhan Kaidi and others date back to 2005 and a number of units in Europe date back even farther.
Revision Date: 3/26/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Foster Wheeler, Wuhan Kaidi, Circulating Dry Scrubber
Dry scrubber options as listed by Kiewit
In addition to Graff-Wulff, Babcock Turbosorp, and Allied/Lurgi design provide the CFB options. SDA is more widely used but concern about atomizer O &M costs as well as distributing the slurry in droplets which will dry prior to reaching the particulate collector.
Revision Date: 3/26/2014
Tags: Kiewit Power Engineers, Power Engineering
Comparison of components and systems in dry scrubbing
Paul Farber presented good detailed analysis of components as well as systems. He compared rotary atomizer vs dual fluid nozzles I SDA and addressed both the fluidized bed and Nids as sub segments of CDS. For example NIDS is limited to much smaller modules. Dual fluid nozzle design has smaller footprint. Waste handling and DSI are also covered in extensive analysis
Revision Date: 3/18/2014
Tags: Dual Fluid Nozzle, Spray Dryer Absorber, Circulating Dry Scrubber, Direct Sorbent Injection, Rotary Atomizer, Slaker
Comparison of spray dryer and CDS by Farber et al
Each has advantages. SO2 Capture Capability-advantage to CDS Fuel Flexibility- advantage to CDS Load Flexibility-advantage to SDA Utilities Consumption-slight advantage to SDA Waste Production- advantage to SDA
Revision Date: 3/18/2014
Tags: Circulating Dry Scrubber, Spray Dryer, Efficiency, Cost
Spray Dryer FGD at TEP Springerville
The dry FGD system for each unit comprises three spray dryer absorbers (SDA) with rotary atomizers and a reverse-air fabric filter. The Springerville Station receives high-calcium pebble lime via rail, and a pneumatic system transports the lime to a day bin located at each unit. Horizontal ball mill slakers convert the pebble lime to lime slurry, which is combined with a slurry of recycled material from the fabric filter just prior to being fed to the rotary atomizer. When the units were constructed, the dry FGD systems were built with a partial bypass, the result of which is that 75% of the flue gas is treated in the spray dryers and the bypassed flue gas is recombined with the scrubbed stream before entering the fabric filter. TEP, with S&L as Owner’s Engineer, implemented the following modifications to reduce NOX and SO2 emissions: • Installation of low-NOX burners and overfire air (NOX). • Installation of a fourth spray dryer and elimination of the flue gas bypass (SO2).
Revision Date: 3/18/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, AEP / SEPCO, Tucson Electric Power, San Miguel Electyric Cooperative, Spray Dryer Absorber
Gas Suspension Absorber / Description
One of the reasons for the high efficiency of the KC Cottrell GSA is that the reactor has been based on gas suspension technology. This means that a very large concentration of fly ash, dust particles and lime builds up inside the reactor. The concentration is normally 50 to 100 times as high as in a conventional reactor. The effect is further enhanced by the fact that lime, fly ash and by-products are recycled about 100 times in the KC Cottrell GSA system. A short erection period is achieved due to a modular design, offering enormous flexibility. Maintenance costs for the KC Cottrell GSA are extremely low compared to more conventional plants. One reason for this is the minimal wear and tear due to few moving parts and a very simple, uncomplicated and stationary nozzle.
Revision Date: 3/17/2014
Tags: KC Green Holdings, KC Cottrell, Dry FGD, Screw Conveyor, Circulating Dry Scrubber, Cyclone, Gas Suspension Absorber, Module, Air Quality
Gas Suspension Absorber Technology for Multi-pollutant Control of Boiler Flue Gas Emissions
A recirculating bed dry scrubber technology capable of efficient acid gas control –SO2, HCl, and H2SO4. •Utilizes lime reagent either as dry hydrate or as lime slurry. •Coupled with ESP or FF for control of PMand PM-10 emissions. •Can incorporate ACI for control of Hg and dioxins/furans. •Emissions of HCl, PM, Hg below MACT requirements.
Revision Date: 3/17/2014
Tags: KC Green Holdings, KC Cottrell, Circulating Dry Scrubber, Screw Conveyor, Dry FGD, Gas Suspension Absorber, Cyclone, Air Quality, Module
Features and Benefits of KC Cottrell’s Gas Suspension Absorber (GSA) Technology
The lime can be injected either as a slurry, through commercially available two-fluid nozzle atomizers, or as powdered calcium hydroxide. The intense recirculation within the reactor promotes efficient acid gas neutralization, resulting in high removal efficiencies at low lime consumption rates. The nozzles are commercially available and can be changed out on the fly, without impacting scrubbing efficiency. The use of the cyclone to capture and recycle solids from the reactor vessel greatly reduces the demand on the downstream particulate collector. The slim profile of the GSA reactor vessel itself minimizes plan area requirements, which are frequently at a premium in retrofit applications
Revision Date: 3/17/2014
Tags: KC Green Holdings, KC Cottrell, Cyclone, Circulating Dry Scrubber, Gas Suspension Absorber, Screw Conveyor, Dry FGD, Air Quality, Module
Consumers Energy DSI, Fabric Filter, FGD, Wind and Hydro Projects
Revision Date: 12/20/2012
Tags: Consumers Energy, Wind Turbine, Dry Sorbent Injection, FGD, Fabric Filter, Mercury, World Power Generation, FGD, Fabric Filter, Wind Energy, Renewable Energy, USA