January 2016 - Power Air Quality Insights 241

Asia Will Be the Largest Purchaser of Gas Turbine–Combined Power Plants This Year

In 2016 more than 73,000 MW of gas turbine power generators will start operation. Forty-five percent of the total will be in Asia.

Gas Turbine Starts (MW)
Total	73,465
Africa	5,684
America	20,885
Asia	33,411
Europe	13,485

The lower cost of natural gas is having an impact on the Asian market. LNG imports will provide the needed fuel for future growth. The U.S. market is robust due to both low gas prices and environmental deterrents to coal-fired generation.

A steady growth rate in capacity is anticipated despite competition from renewable sources such as wind and solar. The differential cost between gas turbine based electricity and that from wind and solar has widened with plunging oil and gas prices.

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Capacity 2016-2021 is an excel spreadsheet with the megawatts of capacity in 80 countries and sub regions. The spreadsheet also contains totals for regions and continents so that larger geographical trends can be analyzed. The price is $900. To order contact: editor@mcilvainecompany.com.

This forecast is updated quarterly and included in a very comprehensive program 59EI Gas Turbine and Combined Cycle Supplier Program. Purchasers of the spreadsheet can later deduct this price if they then purchase 59EI.

Preparing Decision Slide Decks for the Mercury Hot Topic Hour (HTH) February 11

Our Decisions HTH on Mercury, DeNO_x and Hot Gas Filtration will be based on decision slide decks which will be continually updated prior to and subsequent to the webinar. End users and subscribers have free access to the online slide decks. It is all explained at Hot Topic Hour Schedule and Recordings.

The Mercury HTH will focus on questions from end users as well as discussions about the merits of various approaches. One of the biggest contributions will be to provide cross pollination between industries. The sewage sludge incinerator plants in the U.S. and the waste-to-energy plants in Europe have some cutting edge technologies which need to be evaluated for use in other industries.

Here is the McIlvaine view of the status and potential of the technologies for the various industries:

	Coal-fired Power	Waste to Energy	Sewage Sludge Incineration	Cement	Natural Gas	Non- Ferrous
Activated carbon injection	EH PM	EH PM	EL PL	EL PL	EL PL	EM PM
Activated carbon pellets	EL PM	EM PL	EM PM		EH PH
Scrubber chemicals	EM PH	EL PM	EL PM	EL PM	EL PL	EH PH
Gore module	EL PH	EL PH	EM PH	EL PM	EL PU	EL PH
Metal sorbent	EL PL	EL PL	EL PL	EL PL	EM PM	EH PM
Molecular sieve	EL	PL	EL PL	EL PL	EH PH	EL PL
Ionic liquid	EL PL	EL PL	EL PL	EL PM	EL PH	EL PL

Technologies such as the Gore module and ionic liquids are relatively new developments. In addition there are complimentary options such as adding calcium bromide with the fuel and the impact of SCR which oxidizes mercury.

Six Decision slide decks will be accessed during the conference. Each application has technology which may prove valuable for one or more of the other applications. For example, the ionic liquids are a new approach being used in natural gas mercury removal. The pilot systems show advantages over carbon pellets. Sewage sludge incinerators use carbon pellets. Should they be considering ionic liquids?

Sewage sludge incinerator operators have selected absorber modules instead of carbon pellets for more than a dozen installations. Coal-fired power plants are also using absorber modules as one of the approaches. Sharing of information on both applications will be beneficial.

Non-ferrous smelters are using metal filters but are also using scrubbers with unique liquids. The Boliden-Norzink process involves the following three steps. First, mercury scrubbing occurs in the reaction tower. The reaction tower is a counter-current absorber tower made of fiber glass reinforced polypropylene plastic. In the reaction tower, the HgCl2 solution is sprayed evenly in the packing area and reacts with mercury in the flue gas. The second step involves the production of the calomel mercurous chloride (Hg2Cl2), which is suspended in solution. Some of the Hg2Cl2 is also sent to chloride process. During the final step, the Hg2Cl2 is oxidized by Cl2 in the stirring tank.

The extensive use of chlorine in solution has been implemented in waste incineration in Europe. Many waste-to-energy plants have multi stage scrubbers with the first stage being used to make salable 30 percent hydrochloric acid. What happens to the mercury in this first stage scrubber? Is the knowledge gained by the non-ferrous industry of use to WTE operators?

The potential use of the WTE acid loop by the power industry is transformative. The coal-fired power plant would become a chemicals complex with production of rare earths, precious metals, hydrochloric acid, gypsum or sulfur and flyash. The WTE experience plus the Chinese and U.S. initiatives for extraction of rare earths from flyash can lead the way to the power/chemicals complex.

Each of the six decision slide decks will be revised until February 10. McIlvaine will be at EUEC next week where many of the suppliers of mercury removal products will be exhibiting or speaking. McIlvaine has a stand. Also you can meet with Bob McIlvaine by contacting him in advance at mobile #847 226 2391.

Utility E-Alert Tracks Billions of Dollars of New Coal-fired Power Plants on a Weekly Basis

§ Coal-fired Power Station under development in Davao Occidental Province, Philippines

§ Krishnapatnam Power to build Thermal Power Projects worth Rs. 16,680 Crore in Andhra Pradesh

The 41F Utility E-Alert is issued weekly and covers the coal-fired projects, regulations and other information important to the suppliers. It is $950/yr. but is included in the $3020 42EI Utility Tracking System which has data on every plant and project plus networking directories and many other features.

McIlvaine conducts periodic webinars which are in a discussion format and are free of charge to all participants. The displayed material and recordings are free to purchasers of the products and services and by subscription to others.

Format: 50-90 minute recorded discussion using McIlvaine display material. The session will be free of charge to all participants but registration is required.

Approach: There are two types of webinars. One is focused on Markets and directed to suppliers. The other is focused on aiding purchasers make the best Decisions relative to purchases of flow control and treatment equipment and services.

Markets HTH
The general overviews of the market including size and major variables will be discussed with heavy emphasis on technology and regulatory drivers. The presentation will be based on the latest information appearing in McIlvaine multi-client reports. Questions and views from both subscribers and non-subscribers are encouraged.

Decisions HTH
McIlvaine has been publishing information systems on pollution control since 1974. Each subject is organized by the pollutant control technology e.g. fabric filter, scrubber, etc. There are search capabilities to retrieve information on any application. The newest addition has been slide deck systems displaying the issues and options relative to a specific applications. Coal-fired power, cement, steel and waste combustion decision slide decks are continually updated.

The continually updated slide decks are displayed on the applicable decision system. It is recommended that participants view the slide deck in advance of the session and be prepared with questions and views.

Value to purchasers and specifiers: Your questions and interests will be prioritized in the discussion. You will get a monthly newsletter and have continuing access to the system and multiple ways to interface in the future along with a networking directory of suppliers.

Value to Suppliers: You have the opportunity to provide data to be considered at no charge. If you are also a subscriber you will see the summaries in advance and be able to shed light on issues and options not properly covered in the slide deck. If you are a subscriber you will receive the monthly newsletter and continuing yearly access to the system including networking directories.

44I Power Plant Air Quality Decisions includes 1ABC, 3ABC, 4ABC, 9ABC decision services but not 2ABC. So those with multiple technologies and at least partial focus on power will find this combination most cost effective.

Applicable Services for Hot Topic Hours**
Pollutant	Industry	Fabric Filter (1ABC)	Scrubber (2ABC)	Precipitator (4ABC)	FGD & DeNOx (3ABC)	Air Pollution Monitoring (9ABC)	Gas Turbine Decisions
Mercury February 11, 2016	Coal				X	X
	WTE	X	X			X
	Sewage		X	X		X
	Cement	X				X
	Natural Gas*
DeNOx March 24, 2016	Coal				X	X
	Incineration				X	X
	Steel				X	X
	Cement				X	X
	Diesel*
	Gas Turbine				X		X
Hot Gas Filtration	Coal	X	X	X		X
	WTE	X	X	X		X
	Cement	X	X	X		X
	Steel	X	X	X		X
	Incineration	X	X	X		X
	Coal Gas	X	X			X
	GT Intake						X
FGD and Acid Gas June 16, 2016	Coal				X	X
	Sewage		X			X
	WTE		X			X
	Cement		X			X
	Steel		X			X

Dates for the next 6 meetings are firm; the others will be held in sequence at approximately two week intervals. Unforeseen developments could dictate the insertion of new subjects.

DATE	SUBJECT
February 11, 2016 *Decisions*	Mercury - Review of the issues and options for mercury removal for sewage sludge incinerators, cement, coal fired power, and waste-to-energy plants. Click Here to Register
February 25, 2016 *Markets*	Zero Liquid Discharge - Regulatory status in US and ROW; spray drier vs.. evaporation for Chinese power plants; difference in various system designs; total cost of ownership; valve, pump, evaporator, centrifuge, instrumentation, materials and compressor options. Click Here to Register
March 10, 2016 *Markets*	Gas Turbine - Intake filter, SCR, NH₃, HRSG, valve, pump, instrumentation and cooling options (dry vs. wet); treatment chemicals; challenges with FAC due to extensive cycling. Click Here to Register
March 24, 2016 *Decisions*	NO_x Control - Review of the issues and options for NOx control in coal fired power, cement, steel, and waste to energy plants as well as mobile diesel vehicles. Click Here to Register
April 7, 2016 *Markets*	Power Generation Technologies - Future of USC coal in India, Vietnam and Indonesia; natural gas prices; GHG regulations; nuclear costs; penetration for wind and solar. Click Here to Register
April 21, 2016 *Decisions*	Hot Gas Filtration - Issue and Option for particulate capture. in coal fired power, cement, steel, and waste incineration. Click Here to Register
June 16, 2016 *Decisions*	FGD and Acid Gas Separation - Issue and options for SO2 and other acid gas separation from coal fired power, cement, steel, and waste incineration plants. Click Here to Register
TBA *Markets*	Desalination - Thermal vs. Membrane; energy recovery, pump, valve, compressor and chemicals options; power/desalination combinations.
TBA *Markets*	Oil, Gas, Refining - Supply and demand; impact on flow control and treatment products; regional impacts e.g. subsea in North Atlantic vs. shale in the US vs. Oil Sands in Canada.
TBA *Markets*	Food - Analysis of 12 separate applications within food and beverage with analysis of valve, pump, compressor, filter, analyzer and chemical options; impact of new technologies such as forward osmosis.
TBA *Markets*	Municipal Wastewater - Quality of pumps, valves, filters, and analyzers in Chinese and Asian plants; new pollutant challenges; water purification for reuse.
TBA *Markets*	Mobile Emissions - Reduction in CO, VOCs, and particulate in fuels, oils, and air used in on and off road vehicles; impact of RDE and failure of NO_x traps and the crisis in Europe created by the focus on diesels.

Gas Turbine Starts (MW)
Continent	2016
Total	73,465
Africa	5,684
America	20,885
Asia	33,411
Europe	13,485