FGD

· Decisive Validation Is the Route to Better Decision Making In the Developing World

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Decisive Validation Is the Route to Better Decision Making In the Developing World

It is easy to buy the lowest cost product. It is very challenging to select the best product with the lowest life cycle cost. The buyer has to evaluate supplier claims. This is difficult and made even more difficult in developing countries where there are language problems and lack of experience.

There has been no organized system to help the buyer make the necessary evaluations. In contrast, the buyer can be assured that the supplier will adhere to quality management standards in the manufacture of the product through ISO 9000 and other ISO standards.

Decisive Validation is a process which will make it easy for the buyer to make the best purchasing choices. It involves a whole system with a decisive classification sequence. At each step along the way there is a decisive classification of the options and validation that the supplier product is the right choice.

An example of purchasing options for NO_x reduction is displayed in the McIlvaine Global Decisions Orchard

In addition to the conventional SCR and SNCR, there are three other options presented including ozone injection, hydrogen peroxide injection and the use of a catalytic filter. It is shown that the disadvantages of the chemicals are the operating cost, whereas, the disadvantage of the catalytic filter is lack of experience.

Each application is unique. In the case of the chemicals, it is necessary to show that in a specific application the cost of the chemicals will be more than offset by the lower capital cost. In the case of the catalytic filter, there is the need to show that there is ample commercial experience to satisfy the purchaser.

Decisive Validation with independent third party analysis using niche experts is the way to provide convincing evidence.

An additional challenge is to communicate the validation results to the purchaser. If his native language is Chinese, then the essence of the results along with the decisions sequence need to be provided in Chinese. The Global Decisions Orchard is a mechanism to make these results known.

Validation costs can range widely. However, when the benefits of validation are compared to those for conventional sales efforts it is clear that validation should be a major undertaking. One example of the benefits of validation is the white paper on use of single use vs. reusable surgical gowns.

Hospitals were leaning toward reusable gowns with the belief that they were greener. An extensive analysis showed that the water use and contamination aspects of reusables outweighed the greenhouse gases resulting from single use gown manufacture.

For more information on Decisive Validation contact Bob McIlvaine at: rmcilvaine@mcilvainecompany.com or call 847 784 0012 ext. 112.

In case you are of the impression that the Chinese desperately need valuable information which is in English and needs to be translated, whereas there is not much valuable information in Chinese which needs to be translated to English, then it is time to reflect.

A number of International industrial and drug companies now have research centers in China, so people whose first language is Chinese are doing much basic research. Most Chinese engineers can read English, whereas, few non-Chinese engineers can read Chinese.

The most modern industrial plants are being built in China. The U.S. has little supercritical boiler experience compared to China. The most active FGD supplier in China started up 25 new systems last year totaling nearly 13,000 MW.

There is a great deal of good published information in Chinese. Government statistics show the above market share data for FGD. There is similar information on DeNO_x. Elsewhere in the world McIlvaine is compiling market share data through its own efforts, but in China much of this data is available. Therefore, McIlvaine is finding that there is as much need to translate Chinese into English as the reverse.

The rapid growth of the SCR market for Chinese power plants is resulting in double digit annual increases in the catalyst market. Much of the needed capacity is being added in China. This is the conclusion reached in McIlvaine’s NO_x Control World Markets. (www.mcilvainecompany.com)

China has developed a NO_x catalyst manufacturing capability in the last decade and now can produce catalyst with a value of $462 million per year.

Presently, the top supplier can produce catalyst valued at $94 million/yr. Unlike some other products catalyst in China sells at the world prices and in some cases even higher. The third ranked supplier was the first manufacturer and was a result of the relocation of KWH from Germany.

There is substantial import of catalyst as well as some export. There is some difference in performance. In general, plate catalyst designs require more volume to achieve the same efficiency as honeycomb designs. But this is only one parameter.

Originally the only concern was NO_x reduction. However, as DeNO_x systems began to be applied to high sulfur coal burning power plants, it was discovered that conventional catalyst converts 1 percent of the SO₂ to SO₃. The SO₃ is a worse pollutant than the SO₂. To address the problem, catalyst manufacturers developed low conversion catalysts. They achieve the NO_xreduction with less SO₂ conversion to SO₃ but are more expensive.

It was also learned that the NO_x catalyst can have a beneficial effect of converting elemental mercury vapor to mercury chloride or other oxidized forms. The oxidized mercury can then be captured in a downstream scrubber. Catalyst manufacturers have developed a range of catalysts which address NO_x, SO₃ and mercury. In general, the better the catalyst in reducing all three pollutants, the more expensive the product.

▪ PSO Proposes Alternate Regional Haze Plan—Retire One Unit at Northeastern in 2016

▪ Public Meetings Set for Kentucky Power Proposal to Close 800-MW Big Sandy 2

▪ Cormetech Sales of Comet^TM Mercury Oxidation SCR Catalyst to Top 7000 MW in 2013

▪ Novinda Introduces Enhanced Non-Carbon Reagent for Mercury Control, AS^®HgX

▪ Very High Mercury Removal Possible at Low Injection Rates of B-PAC^TM ahead of Semi-dry FGD

The FGD & DeNOx Newsletter is included in two services. For more information, click on:

§ Construction begins on 2x1,000 MW Ultra-Supercritical Guodian Taizhou Phase II in Jiangsu

§ JEPC1 will erect and commission 1,380 MW Zhongshan Jiaming Combined Cycle Phase III

§ GE supplies 6F 3-Series Gas Turbines to Industrial Cogeneration Plant in Nanxun

§ ECEPDI is Engineer for 930 MW Combined Cycle Qishuyan Addition in Jiangsu

Project Title	First Entry Date		Location		Startup Date
Ceylon gas turbine power plants	7/1/2013		Ceylon		2017
Machala expansion-Inter RAO	7/1/2013		Ecuador		Unknown
Helwan South power plant-Egyptian Electricity Holding Co.	7/1/2013		Egypt		2017
Karlsruhe combined cycle-Trianel, MiRO Refinery	7/1/2013		Germany		2020
Shenzhen Energy power project in Ghana	7/1/2013		Ghana		2016
Carroll County power plant-Advanced Power North America	7/1/2013		OH		2017
Dervezinsky gas turbine power plant-Calik Enerji Sanayi ve Ticaret	7/1/2013		Turkmenistan		2015
Ak Bugdai gas turbine power plant-Calik Enerji Sanayi ve Ticaret	7/1/2013		Turkmenistan		2014
Guadalupe expansion-Guadalupe Power Partners	7/1/2013		TX		2014
Konkols Copper Mines power plant	7/1/2013		Zambia		2020
Darlipali supercritical power plant-NTPC	3/1/2013		India		2018
Holland Board of Public Works combined cycle power plant	12/1/2012		MI		2016
Genesee combined cycle power plant-Consumers Energy	12/1/2012		MI		2017
Exxaro/GDF Suez power plant	7/1/2012		South Africa		2017
Davao power project-SMC Global Power	10/1/2011		Philippines		2020
Boikarabelo mine power plant-CESC	6/1/2011		South Africa		Unknown
Ukai 6-Gujarat State Electricity Corp.	4/1/2011		India		2013
Zenica power plant-Kaztransgas	1/1/2011		Bosnia		2015
Callaway nuclear power plant addition	12/1/2010		MO		Suspended
Banharpali (Units 3,4) expansion-Odisha Power Generation Corp.	11/1/2010		India		2017
Sousse D combined cycle power plant	11/1/2010		Tunisia		2015
Moores gas turbine power plant-Lansing Board of Water & Light	7/1/2010		MI		2013
Hanhikivi--Fennovoima nuclear power project	5/1/2010		Finland		2020
Bhavnagar Energy Co. CFB power plant	4/1/2010		India		2013
Cuddalore - Powergen Corp. power project	4/1/2010		India		Deferred
Grodno CHP power plant 2	10/1/2009		Belarus		2013
Shidaowan nuclear power plant-Huaneng	9/1/2009		China		Unknown
Sanmen 3-6 expansion-CNNC	9/1/2009		China		Unknown
Hui'an/Fuqing 2 Units 3-6-CNNC	9/1/2009		China		Unknown
Yeramarus power project-Karnataka Power Corp.	8/1/2009		India		2014
Mithivirdi (Chhaya) nuclear power plant-Nuclear Power Corp. Ltd. of India		7/1/2009		India	Unknown
Concepcion power plant-Palm Concepcion Power Corp.		6/1/2009		Philippines	2016
Kaliningrad 4 nuclear power plant		1/1/2009		Russia	2012
Rajpura supercritical power plant-Punjab State Electricity Board		11/1/2008		India	2014
Cuddalore supercritical power plant-SRM Energy		10/1/2008		India	2013
Taohuajiang 1-4 nuclear power plant-CNNC		6/1/2008		China	Unknown
Chashma 3,4 nuclear power plants		6/1/2008		Pakistan	2017
Tsuruga 3 and 4 nuclear power plants		5/1/2008		Japan	Unknown
Barapukuria expansion (III)-CMC		3/1/2008		Bangladesh	2017
Raghunathpur power project-Damodar Valley Corp		12/1/2007		India	2016
Nine Mile Point nuclear power plant-UniStar Nuclear Energy		11/1/2007		NY	Suspended
Yangjiang 1,2 nuclear power plant-China Guangdong Nuclear Power Co.		6/1/2007		China	2014
Haiyang 1,2 nuclear power plant-Shandong Nuclear Power		6/1/2007		China	2015
Alvin W. Vogtle 3,4 nuclear power plant-Georgia Power, Oglethorpe Power		6/1/2007		GA	2017
Idaho Energy Complex-Alternate Energy Holdings/Unistar		6/1/2007		ID	Cancelled
Kakrapar 3,4 nuclear power plant-Nuclear Power Corp. of India		6/1/2007		India	2016
Kalpakkam nuclear power plant-Bhartiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam		6/1/2007		India	2014
River Bend nuclear power plant-Entergy Nuclear		6/1/2007		LA	Suspended
Shin Kori 3 and 4 nuclear power plant		6/1/2007		South Korea	2014
Comanche Peak 3,4 (Dallas) nuclear power plant-Luminant		6/1/2007		TX	Unknown
Talwandi Sabo (Banwala) power project-Punjab State Electricity Board		4/1/2007		India	2014
Delimara combined cycle expansion-Malta Resources Authority		1/1/2007		Malta	2015
Tadri-Karnataka Power Corp.		3/1/2006		India	Deferred
Medupi-Eskom Project Alpha baseload supercritical project		3/1/2006		South Africa	2016
Sagardighi expansion (formerly Katwa)		3/1/2005		India	2015
Kudu combined cycle--NamPower, Energy Africa, National Petroleum		7/1/2004		Namibia	2018
Bellary expansion-Karnataka Power Corp. Ltd.		9/1/2003		India	2012
Avenal combined cycle plant-Macquarie Group		11/1/2001		CA	Unknown

New power generation projects are tracked in two publications. Fossil and Nuclear Power Generation includes both market forecasts and project data. World Power Generation Projects has just the project data.

No.	Name of Company	Total Capacity in Operation (MW)	Methods & Percent of FGD
1	Beijing Guodian Long Yuan Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd.	12,700	L-G WFGD 97.64 Carbide slag-gypsum method 2.36
2	Fujian Longking Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd.	7,290	L-G WFGD 68.18 CFB FGD 31.82
3	Zhejiang University Insigma Mechanical Engineering Co., Ltd.	3,200	L-G WFGD 100
4	China Huadian (Group) Engineering Co., Ltd.	2,460	L-G WFGD 100
5	Shandong Sanrong Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd.	1,900	L-G WFGD 100

No.	Annual Revenues ($ Millions)	Catalytic Agent Type
1	94	Honeycomb
2	83	Honeycomb
3	78	Honeycomb
4	62	Honeycomb
5	52	Flat
6	52	Flat
7	41	Honeycomb
Total	462