Fracking’s water footprint could grow by up to fiftyfold in some regions by the year 2030—raising concerns about its sustainability, particularly in arid or semiarid regions in western states or other areas where groundwater supplies are stressed or limited, according to a Duke University report. There were at least five sand mines opened in the Permian by Hi-Crush, Black Mountain Sand and U.S. Silica in 2018, with a proppant supply of 35 billion pounds per year. Many more mines are expected to be opened soon. The demand for water management services associated with the acquisition, transport, transfer, storage, flowback, treatment and disposal of water increased 44% in 2017 to $18.9 billion in response to increased horizontal drilling activity, increased per-well fracturing job size and increased recycling/ treatment activity. Water management spending for hydraulic fracturing services is expected to total $161 billion over the next decade. Effectively, every well today is receiving 250,000 to 700,000 barrels of water to just frack the wells. Click Here For Complete Article Text
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