EPA and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources have announced the second and final cleanup plan for the lower Fox River, contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). More than 7 million cubic yards of polluted sediments will be dredged from the river and disposed of either in the Brown County landfill in the town of Holland or in a newly built landfill. (In 1998, Brown County agreed to pay the town of Holland $10 per ton of waste dumped into the county-owned landfill. Thus, the town of Holland, with a population of 1,350, could receive $64 million if its landfill is selected.) Some PCB-contaminated sediment will be capped with sand and gravel and monitored for decades. The cost of cleanup is estimated to be $324 million. Seven paper mills, including Georgia-Pacific, released PCBs into the river from 1954 to 1971. Negotiations are currently underway to obtain money from the responsible parties to pay for the cleanup. The plan, or Record of Decision, is the second phase of the $400 million cleanup and addresses the most heavily contaminated section of the river—a 13-mile stretch from Little Rapids to De Pere, from De Pere to Green Bay and the bay itself. The first phase announced in January involves cleaning up and monitoring 26 miles of the upper stretches of the river. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources says that the cleanup will take at least 10 years, and that fish in the river will not be free of PCBs for years thereafter. The environmental group Clean Water Action Council of Northeast Wisconsin contends that the cleanup standards are not stringent enough. It points out that areas will be cleaned up only where PCB concentrations are 1 ppm or greater. It advocates a standard of 0.25 ppm and also questions the effectiveness of monitored natural recovery and capping.